M232/MEA2203-Summary of Reproductive Disorders
Disorders of the reproductive system can often affect the body’s ability to create or deliver gametes (sperm/eggs) or interfere with the process of conception. Disorders of the female reproductive system can hinder or complicate the process of menstruation and/or pregnancy.
Some reproductive disorders have tell-tale signs that something is wrong (like pain in the groin or genital area), but others are silent and can only be detected through preventative screening or diagnostic tests.
Diagnostic Tests
There are many different lab tests, imaging tests, and procedures that may be used to diagnose reproductive system disorders. Some of the most common are discussed here.
Lab Tests
- Sexually transmitted disease screening – Used to determine the presence of specific venereal disease pathogens
- Semen analysis – Measures the quantity and quality of sperm, volume and viscosity of fluid, pH, etc.
- Prostate specific antigen (PSA) – Used for early detection of prostate cancer
Imaging Tests
- Pelvic Ultrasound – Used to assess the female reproductive organs and structures
- Mammography – X-ray screening tool used to detect breast cancer
Procedures
- Pap smear – Cells are collected from cervix to detect early cervical cancer
- Colposcopy – A lighted camera is used to closely examine vagina and cervix
- Biopsy – A small portion of tissue is removed for examination (common in prostate, cervix, endometrium)
- Digital rectal exam – Used to assess the size and shape of the prostate (in males)
Common Treatments
Sexually Transmitted Diseases:
Some prescription medications can reduce the symptoms and decrease the likelihood of reinfection.
Menstrual Disorders
Mild symptoms can be helped by exercise, diet changes, analgesics, and thermotherapy. Sever symptoms may need surgery or medication.
Surgical Procedures
Surgical Procedures are often necessary to remove growth like tumors, cysts, ectopic endometrial tissue or prostatic hyperplasia.