include a BRIEF summary of the Introduction, M&M, Results, and Discussion sections. Label each section accordingly
Bio 23 – Spring 2019
Instructions for Submissions:
Literature summary: Summarize one primary article about our research topic using your own words .
1. For your title use the formal citation of your primary article. The title/citation should be single-spaced (see #4). Do not include a cover page.
Your submission should include a BRIEF summary of the Introduction, M&M, Results, and Discussion sections. Label each section accordingly. The completed summary should be no longer than one or two double spaced pages. Remember, this is a summary . See #6
2. The citation format that we will use this semester is found in canvas under Ecology citation.
Failure to use the format exactly as described will result in point deductions.
Use the term LITERATURE CITED for the list of citations to be turned in with your term paper. Do not use “References”, or “Works Cited”.
4. All papers submitted during the semester must be double-spaced and in 12 pt. font. Citations, including the title for your literature review, should be single-spaced, with double space in between citations.
Late submissions will receive no points, but must be turned in.
5. Don’t ask us to pre-grade your submissions. We will not “look over” your paper before you hand it in to see if you did it right.
6. All submissions must be electronic and by hard copy. Electronic copies must be submitted by the due date and time. Use the subject line 23 “literature” or “intro” or “results” or “discussion”.
Make sure your name is on your paper and all pages are stapled and in order. Do not use a folder or report cover.
For the literature summary only, attach a copy of your article abstract with a paperclip behind your stapled summary. Write your name at the top right corner of your article.
All further submissions must be stapled prior to coming to class. Do not use a paperclip and do not ask me for a stapler.
Plan ahead so you will not be scrambling for paper clips, staples, or printers at the last minute.
Late papers will not receive points and no excuses will be accepted.
7. Points will be deducted for FFD (failure to follow directions) in each of your submissions this semester, including the Literature summary, Introduction, M&M, Results, Discussion, and Literature Cited sections.
Citation formats for Bio 23 papers
Use the following formats for referring to an article in the text of your paper.
Articles may be referred to within a sentence:
Abrams (1987) found that …
Or at the end:
Woody plant diversity is largely determined by frequency of forest fires (Qian 2013).
When an article has two authors list them both in the text:
Plant diversity was reduced in areas where large herbivores were excluded (Milchunas and Noy‐Meir 2002).
When an article has three or more authors use the last name of the first author followed by “et al”:
Kaspersson et al. (2013) found that adding individuals to wild brown trout populations greatly increased the rate
of disease transmission.
When citing two or more articles to support a point list them in chronological order:
Herbivory has been found to increase plant diversity in habitats around the world (Abrams et al. 1995, Abrams
1987, Milchunas and Noy‐Meir 2002, Kaspersson et al. 2013)
In your Literature Cited section articles must be listed in alphabetical order by the first author’s last name.
Each citation is separated from the next one with a blank line. The citation for each article type is outlined
below.
Journal article
One author
Last name, First initial. Second initial. Year. Title. Journal title volume number(issue number):pages.
Example: Abrams, P. A. 1987. The functional responses of adaptive consumers of two resources. Theoretical Population
Biology 32(2):262-288.
For online only journals where every article starts on page 1 (i.e. Plos ONE) use the following modification to
the above format:
Qian, H. 2013. Environmental determinants of woody plant diversity at a regional scale in China. PloS ONE 8:
e75832.
Two or more authors
Last name, First initial. Second initial., First initial. Second initial. Last name, and First initial. Second initial.
Last name. Year. Title. Journal title volume number(issue number):pages.
Example:
Milchunas, D. G., and I. Noy‐Meir. 2002. Grazing refuges, external avoidance of herbivory and plant diversity. Oikos 99(1):113-130.
PloS one example:
Kaspersson, R., F. Sundström, T. Bohlin, and J.I. Johnsson. 2013. Modes of competition: adding and removing
brown trout in the wild to understand the mechanisms of density-dependence. PloS one 8: e62517.
Chapter in a book
Last name, First initial. Second initial., First initial. Second initial. Last name, and First initial. Second initial.
Year. Chapter title. Pages in First initial. Second initial. Last name and First initial. Second initial. Last name.
Book title. Publisher name, City of publication, State of publication, Country of publication.
Example:
Abrams, P. A., B. A. Menge, and G. G. Mittelbach. 1995. The role of indirect effects in food webs. Pages
371-395 in G. Polis and K. O. Winemiller, editors. Food webs: integration of patterns and dynamics. Chapman
and Hall, New York, New York, USA.
Book
Last name, First initial. Second initial., First initial. Last name, and First initial. Second initial. Last name.
Year. Book title. Publisher, City of publication, State of publication, Country of publication.
Example:
Drake, J. A., F. DiCastri, and R. H. Groves. 1989. Biological invasions: a global perspective. Wiley, New
York, New York, USA.
Government document
Last name, First initial. Second initial., First initial. Second initial. Last name, and First initial. Last name.
Document title. Report number. Government agency, Agency division, City of publication, State of
publication, Country of publication.
Example: Maschinski, J., H. D. Hammond, and L. Holter, editors. Southwestern rare and endangered plants: proceedings
of the second conference. General Technical Report RM-GTR-283. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest
Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.