Explain the condition and how might this condition be brought about by wearing tight jeans.

Question description

Questions.

1. Explain the terms “osmosis”, “facilitated diffusion” and “active transport”. Give ONE example of active transport process in human body. (10 marks)

2. Women having menopause usually develop osteoporosis, and hormonal replacement therapy is one of the effective treatments for these patients. (a) Explain the term “osteoporosis”. (2 marks)

(b) Explain, in term of the change of a hormone and the activity of osteoblasts as well as osteoclasts, why post-menopausal women usually develop osteoporosis. What are the functions of the osteoblasts and osteoclasts? (4 marks)

(c) What is the easiest non-invasive assessment method to determine whether a patient has developed osteoporosis? (1 mark) (d) State ONE serious disadvantage receiving hormonal replacement therapy which triggers long-term complication to patients. (1 mark)

(e) Addition to hormonal replacement therapy, suggest TWO recommendations to your patients in their diet in order to increase their bone density. (2 marks)

3. A case, of wearing skinny jeans causes compartment syndrome, was published in Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. Explain the condition and how might this condition be brought about by wearing tight jeans. Describe the main symptoms and possible treatments (immediate and long term treatments). (10 marks)

4. Mr. Wong had been diagnosed as having diabetes for the past five years, and now finds it difficult to lift the front part of his left foot off the ground and often scuff his toes along the ground while walking. What is his associated medical problem related to diabetes? State all possible tests to confirm his condition? Suggest possible medical management for his problem, including an immediate treatment. (10 marks)