Endocrine and Musculoskeletal Disorders

Endocrine and Musculoskeletal Disorders

Patients with endocrine and musculoskeletal disorders often require long-term treatment and care resulting in the need for extensive patient education. By appropriately educating patients, advanced practice nurses can assist patients with the management of their disorders. In clinical settings, patients with endocrine and musculoskeletal disorders typically seek treatment for symptoms that pose problems to their everyday lives as ordinary tasks may become difficult to complete. For instance, patients might have difficulty walking short distances, preparing meals, or even running errands. To reduce these symptoms and additional health risks, it is essential to develop drug therapy plans with individual patient factors in mind.

To prepare:

·         Review Chapter 18 and Chapter 37 of the Huether and McCance text and the Ben-Zacharia article in the Learning Resources.

·         Select one of the following endocrine or musculoskeletal disorders: thyroid disease, osteoarthritis, rheumatic arthritis, gout, multiple sclerosis, or fibromyalgia. Consider the pathophysiology, as well as the types of drugs that would be prescribed to patients to treat this disorder.

·         Select one of the following factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Consider how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of the disorder. Then, reflect on how the factor you selected might impact the effects of prescribed drugs, as well as measures you might take to help reduce any negative side effects.

 

Questions to be addressed in my paper:

1.     A description of the endocrine or musculoskeletal disorder you selected including its pathophysiology and types of drugs that would be prescribed to treat patients.

2.     Explain how the factor you selected (Select one of the following factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior.) might impact the pathophysiology of the disorder, as well as the effects of prescribed drugs.

3.     Describe measures you might take to help reduce any negative side effects.

4.     Summary with Conclusion

 

Readings

·         Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2012). Understanding pathophysiology (Laureate custom ed.).St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

o    Chapter 17, “Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation”

This chapter explores mechanisms of hormonal regulation and the structure and function of the endocrine glands. It provides a foundation for examining alterations of the endocrine system, as well as the effects of aging on the endocrine glands.

o    Chapter 18, “Alterations of Hormonal Regulation”

This chapter begins with an explanation of the mechanisms of hormonal alterations. It then discusses alterations of the hypothalamic-pituitary system, as well as thyroid, parathyroid, endocrine, pancreas, and adrenal functions. It also covers the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and evaluation and treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

o    Chapter 36, “Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System”

This chapter covers the structure and function of bones, joints, and skeletal muscle. It also explores the effects of aging on the musculoskeletal system.

o    Chapter 37, “Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function”

This chapter examines the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and evaluation and treatment of bone, joints, and skeletal muscle disorders. Additionally, it explores musculoskeletal tumors, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis.

o    Chapter 38, “Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children”

This chapter includes musculoskeletal disorders that affect children, such as congenital defects, bone infection, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, muscular dystrophy, musculoskeletal tumors, and nonaccidental trauma.

Poole Arcangelo, V., & Peterson, A. M. (Eds.). (2013). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (3rd ed.). Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

o    Chapter 36, “Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis”

This chapter examines the causes, pathophysiology, and diagnostic criteria of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It then outlines the process of selecting, administering, and managing drug therapy for both disorders.

o    Chapter 37, “Fibromyalgia”

This chapter explores the causes, pathophysiology, and diagnostic criteria of fibromyalgia. It then covers the process of selecting, administering, and managing drug therapy for this disorder.

o    Chapter 45, “Diabetes Mellitus”

This chapter begins by identifying the causes, pathophysiology, and diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus. It then examines the process of selecting, administering, and managing drug therapy for patients with diabetes mellitus.

o    Chapter 46, “Thyroid Disorders”

This chapter explores the causes, pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, and administration of drug therapy for patients with thyroid disorders, including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroid nodules, subclinical thyroid disease, and thyroiditis. It also discusses the mechanisms of prescribed drugs, as well as proper dosages and potential adverse reactions.

Ben-Zacharia, A. B. (2011). Therapeutics for multiple sclerosis symptoms. The Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, 78(2), 176–191.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

This article covers the diagnosis, treatment, and management of multiple sclerosis. It also explores methods for treating other health issues that arise from multiple sclerosis.

Kargiotis, O., Paschali, A., Messinis, L., & Papathanasopoulos, P. (2010). Quality of life in multiple sclerosis: Effects of current treatment options. International Review of Psychiatry, 22(1), 67–82.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

This article examines the process of evaluating and diagnosing patients who present with symptoms of multiple sclerosis. It also explores treatment and rehabilitation methods.

Peterson, K., Silverstein, J., Kaufman, F., & Warren-Boulton, E. (2007). Management of type 2 diabetes in youth: An update. American Family Physician, 76(5), 658–664.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

This article outlines the process of diagnosing, treating, and managing youths who have or are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes. It also suggests methods for body-weight management and reducing cardiovascular disease risks.

American Diabetes Association. (2012b). Standards of medical care in diabetes—2012 [Online report]. Retrieved from http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/35/Supplement_1/S11.full

This article reviews the classification, diagnosis, testing, prevention, and treatment of diabetes. It also explores factors that impact the onset of diabetes, as well as alternative non-drug treatment options.

Drugs.com. (2012). Retrieved from www.drugs.com

This website presents a comprehensive review of prescription and over-the-counter drugs, including information on common uses and potential side effects. It also provides updates relating to new drugs on the market, support from health professionals, and a drug-drug interactions checker.

Media

·         Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2012c). The endocrine system and diabetes. Baltimore, MD: Author.

This media presentation explores the endocrine system and diabetes including diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

·         American Diabetes Association. (2012a). Retrieved from http://www.diabetes.org/

·         Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Retrieved August 10, 2012, fromhttp://www.cdc.gov

·         The Endocrine Society. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.endo-society.org/

·         Haymarket Media, Inc. (2012). Monthly prescribing reference [Online database]. Retrieved fromhttp://www.empr.com/

·         The Hormone Health Network. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.hormone.org/

·         Institute for Safe Medication Practices. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.ismp.org/

 

·         Medscape. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.medscape.com/