What are some alternatives that we have not yet explored?

Heuristic approaches about thinking involve employing rules of thumb to arrive at conclusions. These starting points are the inductive process, but deduction is also involved in reasoning on a topic. Dewey called this the “double movement of reflection.” If Dewey is correct, what are the difficulties in isolating either induction or deduction within scientific reasoning? What are the benefits? What are some alternatives that we have not yet explored?