In a study of the effects of ice cream on mood, the mood after ice cream exposure can be described as what?
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ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY
Text: Abnormal Psychology First Edition, 2008
ISBN: 0-205-48683-5/978-0-205-48683-0
Authors:
James N. Butcher, Susan Mineka, and Jill M. Hooley
Publisher:
Pearson Education, Inc., Allyn and Bacon, Boston, MA 02116
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Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)
1) In the United States, the standard for defining types of mental disorders is contained in the
A) World Health Organization’s classification code.
B) American Psychological Association’s bylaws.
C) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
D) American Psychiatric Association’s bylaws.
2) The Solarists are a cult whose members believe that they control the move- ments of the sun with special hand gestures. What would the DSM-IV say about this group?
A) The group suffers from Shared Delusion Psychosis.
B) While some of this group’s individual members may meet criteria for a DSM- IV diagnosis, the DSM-IV does not diagnose groups.
C) Because a group of persons share a belief, however strange, the group must be considered emotionally healthy.
D) The group is diagnosable because they are a cult.
3) What is Galen credited with?
A) performing the first human autopsies
B) providing the first biological explanation for mental disorders
C) demonstrating that the doctrine of the four humors was flawed
D) recognizing that psychological disorders could have both biological and psy- chological causes
4) Which statement about treatment of abnormal behavior in the Middle Ages is accurate?
A) Islamic forms of treatment were more humane than European approaches.
B) Although the Hippocratic tradition was continued in most of Europe, Islamic countries emphasized demonology.
C) Scientific reasoning and humane treatments were valued in both European and Islamic societies.
D) The Chinese emphasized prayer, the Europeans emphasized exercise, and the Islamic peoples emphasized balancing the four bodily humors.
5) The approaches to treatment of the mentally ill during the Middle Ages in Europe are best characterized as
A) scientific.
B) humane.
C) medical.
D) superstitious.
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6) Which of the following occurred in the late twentieth century?
A) the inpatient mentally ill population doubled
B) a movement of the mentally ill from institutions to the community
C) the establishment of large inpatient facilities for the mentally ill
D) dramatic increases in the cost of caring for the mentally ill
7) The study of hypnosis and its relationship to hysteria was the starting point for
A) narrative therapy.
B) psychoanalysis.
C) the medical model.
D) the mental hygiene movement.
8) Behaviorism was
A) a spin-off theory that elaborated on the psychoanalytic viewpoint.
B) a reaction to the lack of moral and spiritual factors in most theories at the time.
C) a way to diagnose patients without any ‘real’ psychological evidence.
D) a reaction to what the behaviorists perceived as a lack of scientific rigor in psychoanalysis.
9) One strength of case studies is
A) they can help prove causal relationships between variables.
B) they do not involve bias.
C) they can generate hypotheses.
D) they are usually highly accurate.
10) In a study of the effects of ice cream on mood, the mood after ice cream exposure can be described as what?
A) a confounding variable
B) the independent variable
C) the dependent variable
D) a correlational variable
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11) Etiology is
A) a predisposition towards developing a disorder.
B) a condition that makes it less likely a person will experience the negative conseq uences of stress.
C) the causal pattern of a disorder.
D) a condition that tends to maintain maladaptive behavior.
12) If having a gene for Parkinson’s Disease guarantees that Parkinson’s Disease will develop, the presence of the gene can be described as a
A) contributory cause.
B) sufficient cause.
C) risk factor.
D) necessary cause.
13) In the diathesis-stress model, a stressor is
A) a biological vulnerability.
B) a necessary or contributory cause that is distal from the onset of symptoms.
C) a necessary or contributory cause that is proximal to the onset of symptoms.
D) a distal, sufficient cause of a mental disorder.
14) Dr. Simon, a psychiatrist, takes a biopsychosocial viewpoint of psychopathol- ogy. Which of the following treatments is he most likely to suggest for Julia’s current state of depression?
A) a combination of psychological therapy and antidepressant drugs
B) intense psychotherapy
C) family therapy and a change in her work environment
D) a prolonged vacation
15) Damage to the pituitary would most likely lead to
A) a deficiency of catecholamines.
B) depression.
C) hormonal imbalance.
D) death.
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16) When examining heredity, mental disorders are almost always
A) caused by recessive genes.
B) caused by one particular gene. e) caused by multiple genes.
D) not caused by genes.
17) Mental disorders are almost always influenced by multiple genes. This means they are
A) chemical circuits.
B) probands. e) polygenic.
D) easy to discover.
18) If trait is highly heritable, it would be expected that
A) the concordance rate for dizygotic twins would be close to 100.
B) the concordance rate for monozygotic twins would be greater than the concor- dance rate for dizygotic twins.
e) the concordance rate for dizygotic twins would be greater than the concor- dance rate for monozygotic twins.
D) the concordance rate for dizygotic twins and monozygotic twins would be comparable.
19) George and Logan are brothers. They live in a small apartment in the city with some other relatives. Their family is extremely poor. Their father is hardest on George, the eldest, and sometimes physically abuses him. Which environ- mental factor is likely to be more important in the later adjustment of George and Logan?
A) Their poverty.
B) The fact that they live with other family members. e) The physical abuse.
D) The overcrowding of their living situation.
20) Which of the following statements regarding divorce and psychopathology is true?
A) Divorce is a major source of psychopathology.
B) No causal relationship has been established between psychopathology and a parental divorce.
e) While a relationship between parental divorce and psychopathology has been established, there is no data to suggest that divorced persons experience an increased rate of psychopathology.
D) The adverse effects of parental divorce are always temporary.
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21) Ed has suffered a head injury in a car accident. He is referred to a psycholo- gist to see what types of impairment now exist and to get some suggestions for treatment. The best assessment strategy wou Id be
A) neuropsychological tests.
B) a PET scan.
C) an MRI.
0) a CAT scan.
22) In which of the following circumstances would a clinician be most likely to use self-monitoring?
A) to find out what situations are likely to illicit problematic behavior
B) to evaluate the quality of the social environment
C) when a client is unable to describe their presenting problem
0) when other forms of clinical observation have yielded no evidence of abnor- mal behavior
23) Which of the following is NOT a reason for using rating scales?
A) to increase reliability
B) to decrease objectivity
C) to provide structure
0) to allow standardized comparisons to be made
24) There are two general categories of psychological tests used in clinical prac- tice. They are:
A) neuropsychological tests and standardized tests
B) intelligence tests and rating scales
C) projective tests and sentence completion tests 0) intelligence tests and personality tests
25) The use of lithium in the United States was delayed due to
A) the stigma associated with mental illness.
B) its addiction potential.
C) the fact that it could not be patented.
0) a lack of evidence to demonstrate that it was effective.
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26) Which of the following is NOT an advantage of behavior therapy?
A) The principles employed have been scientifically validated.
B) It targets specific behaviors.
C) It works well when the problem is medical in nature.
D) It usually achieves results in a relatively short period of time.
27) For which client is behavior therapy most likely to be effective?
A) Wilson, whose complaint is premature ejaculation.
B) Tamara, who is trying to understand the origins of her personality.
C) Angela, who has a variety of personality disorders.
D) Colin, who has been diagnosed with Schizophrenia.
28) Which of the following best illustrates the analysis of resistance?
A) explaining that a dream about riding a wild horse in a tunnel suggests strong sexual urges
B) reminding a client who has become insulting toward a female therapist that she is, after all, a helping professional and not the client’s abusive mother
C) asking the client to say whatever comes into his/her head, regardless of how si lIy it sou nds
D) noting that the client is able to talk freely about his mother but not report anything about his father
29) Which of the following is the most significant challenge to establishing that therapy is effective7
A) Confidentiality rules allow little follow up with past clients.
B) Placebo effects commonly occur.
C) Few psychotherapies are more effective than medical treatments.
D) Many people improve without formal treatment.
30) Who is likely to have the most severe stress?
A) Josh, who has just been told he has cancer and whose wife announces she is leavi ng him when he tells her the news.
B) Lauren, who sees the clean-up of an accident and finds out later it involved one of her friends.
C) Bill, who has a deadline the next day for an important project.
D) Anne, who is planning her wedding.
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31) The term “crisis” refers to:
A) a period of especially acute stress.
B) any time when a stressful situation exceeds one’s ability to cope.
C) encountering a number of stressors simultaneously.
D) any encounter that requires a readjustment of self concept.
32) Which of the following is a criticism of the life event scales?
A) No relationship has been found between illness and scores on these scales.
B) They do not recognize that multiple life changes will produce greater stress.
C) They do not recognize that joyful events can be stressful.
D) Peoples’ moods can have an impact on their ratings of stress.
33) Despite all the criticisms of the use of life stress scales,
A) today’s approaches to assessing the effects of life events are no better.
B) they are still the preferred method for measuring reactions to specific envi- ronmental events.
C) the finding that life change produces stress has been supported by other work.
D) their reliability and validity was never challenged.
34) Activation of the sympathetic nervous system
A) can have ill effects when it is sustained over time.
B) happens in response to exposure to viruses.
C) on Iy happens if someone chooses “fight” rather tha n “fl ight”.
D) helps a person relax.
35) Cortisol can be used to
A) decrease heart rate following sympathetic activation.
B) reduce inflammation.
C) stimulate the pituitary gland.
D) enhance immune responses.
36) B-cells
A) produce antibodies.
B) mature in the brain.
C) increase the a Ilostatic load.
D) are a type of virus.
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37) Research on stressful life events and the immune response found
A) there was no association between levels of stress and immune functioning.
B) greater overall stress eventually strengthened the immune system and slowed the transition from HIV positive to AIDS.
C) greater overall stress led to more use of social support and better immune functioning.
D) greater overall stress was associated with more rapid transition from H IV posi- tive to AIDS.
38) Stress-inoculation training:
A) involves learning new ways to think about an anticipated threat and then ap- plying these techniques to several different types of threats.
B) is a form of cognitive preparation that can be used to minimize the impact of any life challenge.
C) can be used to prepare for most any disaster.
D) prepares one to deal with a stressor by considering solutions to the problems that are likely to arise.
39) Individuals who suffer from phobias
A) are unlikely to have other psychological diagnoses.
B) suffer from uncued panic attacks.
C) avoid the feared stimulus.
D) are likely to believe that their fear is justified.
40) Because SSRls increase serotonin in the brain, what other function do they provide which is thought to explain the effectiveness of the SSRls in treating panic disorder?
A) they decrease serotonergic activity
B) they decrease noradrenergic activity
C) they increase noradrenergic activity
D) they increase serotonergic activity
41) Which brain structure is recognized as playing a central role in panic attacks?
A) hippocampus
B) cerebellum
C) amygdala
D) locus coeru leus
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47) Which of the following must be present for at least 2 years in order for a diag- nosis to be made?
A) bipolar II disorder
B) bipolar I disorder
C) major depressive disorder 0) dysthymia
48) A study of poor women in London found that increased the likeli-
hood of developing depression after experiencing severe stress.
A) being in an intimate relationship
B) having religious faith
C) working outside of the home
0) having more than three children still at home.
49) This type of treatment emphasizes the depressed person’s need to become more active and engaged with their environment and interpersonal relation- ships.
A) behavioral activation therapy
B) cognitive therapy
C) interpersonal therapy 0) bright I ight therapy
50) Recent research on relapse among bipolar patients suggests that
A) stressful life events have very little influence.
B) personality styles interact with stress to increase the likelihood of relapse.
C) relapse is most likely among those with unrealistically positive attributional styles.
0) the more frequently a person has bipolar episodes, the less likely stressful events are able to induce a relapse.
51) Which of the following would eliminate a potential diagnosis of cyclothymia?
A) Between her more recent episodes, Carla functioned quite well for 3 weeks.
B) Gil had been showing both hypomanic and depressed symptoms for over three years.
C) Bob’s most recent hypomanic episode lasted 3 days.
0) Carol was absolutely convinced that her mother wanted to kill her, although there was no evidence for this.
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52) Which of the following is a hormonal abnormality associated with both bipolar disorder and unipolar depression?
A) decreased cortisol levels
B) decreased thyroid hormone levels
C) increased cortisol levels
D) increased thyroid hormone levels
53) Behavior activation treatment
A) focuses on implementing cognitive changes.
B) combines pharmacotherapy and behavioral therapy.
C) emphasizes activity and involvement in interpersonal relationships.
D) combines interpersonal therapy and behavioral methodology.
54) Conditions involving physical complaints or disabilities occurring in the ab- sence of any physical pathology that could account for them are
A) anxiety disorders.
B) somatoform disorders.
C) hypochondriacal disorders.
D) dissociative disorders.
55) Ryan has diabetes but has no trouble functioning. One day, his wife informs him that she is leaving him. Ryan suddenly develops terrible pain in his back, to the point he is unable to get out of bed. His wife agrees to stay for “a while” to take care of him. Ryan probably has
A) body dysmorph ic disorder.
B) conversion disorder.
C) pain disorder associated a general medical condition only.
D) pain disorder associated with psychological factors.
56) What do the somatoform and dissociative disorders have in common?
A) Both have onset during early childhood.
B) Both are characterized by physical complaints.
C) Both are more common in men.
D) Both appear to be ways of alleviating anxiety.
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57) The inability to learn new information is known as
A) retrograde amnesia.
B) anterograde amnesia.
C) selective amnesia.
D) localized amnesia.
58) Studies of the brains of individuals with DID
A) do not indicate any explanation for interpersonal amnesia.
B) have provided no consistent findings.
C) fi nd no differences in bra inactivity assoc iated with different identities.
D) support the assertion that DID is a real disorder.
59) When it comes to the effectiveness of treatment for dissociative disorders, we know
A) that med ications are worth less, but that psychotherapy is quite effective.
B) that anti-depressant medications are most effective in treating dissociative identity disorder.
C) that depersonalization is much more effectively treated than amnesia.
D) very little.
60) Cindy is 5 ‘ 6″ tall and weighs 92 pounds. She is very concerned about her weight. However, at times she finds herself eating large amounts of food – several boxes of cookies, gallons of ice cream, entire cakes – all in an eve- ning. Afterwards, she makes herself throw up. Cindy’s most likely diagnosis is
A) no disorder.
B) anorexia nervosa, restricting type.
C) anorexia nervosa, binge-eating/purging type,
D) bulimia nervosa, purging type.
61) Raquel has occasions when she eats enormous amounts of food in a short time. Afterwards she will refuse to eat anything solid for a couple of days. Her most likely diagnosis is
A) bulimia nervosa, nonpurging type.
B) anorexia nervosa, binge-purging type.
C) anorexia nervosa, restricting type.
D) bulimia nervosa, purging type.