Elmer Sprague declares that “I perceive my perceptions” is
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_______ was a Western philosopher whose commitments to empiricism led him to conclude the self was but a fiction.
A. Immanuel Kant
B. C. J. Ducasse
C. David Hume
Incorrect D. Thomas Hobbes
E. René Descartes
Answer Key: C
Question 2 of 30 Score: 0.5 (of possible 0.5 points)
Elmer Sprague declares that “I perceive my perceptions” is ________.
A. logically impossible
B. part of the materialist view
Correct C. an odd thing to say
D. a logically necessary truth
E. true only because God perceives all perceptions
Answer Key: C
Question 3 of 30 Score: 0.5 (of possible 0.5 points)
________ is said to have wrought a Copernican revolution in knowledge.
Correct A. Immanuel Kant
B. John Locke
C. George Berkeley
D. David Hume
E. René Descartes
Answer Key: A
Question 4 of 30 Score: 0 (of possible 0.5 points)
________ was Socrates’ disciple.
A. Plato
B. Aristotle
C. Parmenides
D. All of the above
Incorrect E. a and b only
Answer Key: A
Question 5 of 30 Score: 0.5 (of possible 0.5 points)
In the dialogue of the same name, Crito comes to Socrates as his
A. lawyer.
B. teacher.
C. executioner.
Correct D. close friend.
E. student.
Answer Key: D
Question 6 of 30 Score: 0 (of possible 0.5 points)
_________ construes the self as an entity whose perceptions are the basis for the reality of physical objects.
A. Idealism
B. Phenomenology
Incorrect C. Pragmatism
D. Existentialism
E. Materialism
Answer Key: A
Question 7 of 30 Score: 0.5 (of possible 0.5 points)
As Hobbes uses the term, a Leviathan is ________.
A. a political despot
B. a sea monster
C. an irrational desire
Correct D. a government
E. a religious myth
Answer Key: D
Question 8 of 30 Score: 0.5 (of possible 0.5 points)
Inductive reasoning is reasoning that starts with ________ and arrives at ________.
A. highly probably knowledge, certainty
B. causes, effects
C. facts in the phenomenal world, facts in the noumenal world
D. relations of ideas, matters of fact
Correct E. specific observations, general probable laws
Answer Key: E
Question 9 of 30 Score: 0.5 (of possible 0.5 points)
________ wrote: “Existence precedes essence.”
A. Plato
B. Aquinas
Correct C. Jean-Paul Sartre
D. Aristotle
E. Albert Einstein
Answer Key: C
Question 10 of 30 Score: 0 (of possible 0.5 points)
Plato believed the self consisted of ________.
Incorrect A. reason, spirit, and soul
B. reason, appetite, and desire
C. reason, aggression (emotion), and appetite
D. id, ego, and psyche
E. mind, body, and soul
Answer Key: C
Question 11 of 30 Score: 0 (of possible 0.5 points)
Hume can right be considered to be ____________.
A. an empiricist
B. a rationalist
Incorrect C. a skeptic
D. a transcendental idealist
E. both A and C above
Answer Key: A
Question 12 of 30 Score: 0.5 (of possible 0.5 points)
_________ said “If no one asks me, I know what time is; if someone asks and I want to explain it, I do not know.”
A. J. M. E. McTaggart
Correct B. Saint Augustine
C. J. J. C. Smart
D. Immanuel Kant
E. Henri Bergson
Answer Key: B
Question 13 of 30 Score: 0.5 (of possible 0.5 points)
Maintenance needs are needs associated with _______.
A. achieving one’s full potential
B. having a life that is comfortable
C. developing one’s mind and emotions
D. securing one’s position in society
Correct E. living as a human being
Answer Key: E
Question 14 of 30 Score: 0 (of possible 0.5 points)
Desmond Morris suggests that apparently unselfish behavior is actually a kind of selfish activity, aimed at ________.
A. satisfying a desire to feel virtuous
B. building a reputation for kindness
C. intimidating others
D. preserving one’s genes
Incorrect E. All of the above
Answer Key: D
Question 15 of 30 Score: 0.5 (of possible 0.5 points)
________ is the study of what appears to consciousness.
A. Existentialism
Correct B. Phenomenology
C. Pragmatism
D. Solipsism
E. Idealism
Answer Key: B
Question 16 of 30 Score: 0.5 (of possible 0.5 points)
Descartes applied his method of doubt to ________.
A. the goodness of God
B. sensation
C. mathematical operations
Correct D. everything
E. his own existence
Answer Key: D
Question 17 of 30 Score: 0.5 (of possible 0.5 points)
Plato believed his forms ________.
A. must be real
B. must exist outside the mind
C. must exist in a transcendent realm
D. are inaccessible to human senses
Correct E. All of the above
Answer Key: E
Question 18 of 30 Score: 0.5 (of possible 0.5 points)
For Aristotle, aiming at the mean ________.
A. means avoiding both excess and deficiency
B. will promote happiness
C. will promote moral virtue
Correct D. All of the above
E. a and b only
Answer Key: D
Review
Check to review before finishing (will be flagged in Table of Contents)
Question 19 of 30 Score: 0 (of possible 0.5 points)
The new idealists think that reality is dependent on ______.
A. our ideas
Incorrect B. our language
C. our perceptions
D. our system of concepts
E. b and d
Answer Key: E
Question 20 of 30 Score: 0.5 (of possible 0.5 points)
The existentialist Jean-Paul Sartre is a
A. Freudian
Correct B. libertarian
C. determinist
D. compatibilist
Answer Key: B
Question 21 of 30 Score: 0.5 (of possible 0.5 points)
Karma means literally _________
Correct A. Action
B. Movement
C. Rightness
D. Fate
E. Law
Answer Key: A
Question 22 of 30 Score: 0.5 (of possible 0.5 points)
The three traditional fields of philosophy are ________.
A. religion, ethics, and logic
B. metaphysics, logic, and ethics
Correct C. epistemology, metaphysics, and ethics
D. ethics, metaphysics, and religion
E. metaphysics, epistemology, and logic
Answer Key: C
Question 23 of 30 Score: 0 (of possible 0.5 points)
The goal of philosophy, called autonomy, is to be _______.
A. able to live by a clearly-defined set of principles
B. free of obligations toward other people
C. free to decide for yourself what you will believe
D. able to choose for yourself how you will act
Incorrect E. None of the above
Answer Key: C
Question 24 of 30 Score: 0.5 (of possible 0.5 points)
In the United States, at least, philosophy once proceeded as if
A. Only ancient people did philosophy
B. Only the elite should do philosophy
C. Only the rich should do philosophy
D. Only the wise should do philosophy
Correct E. Only Caucasian males did philosophy
Answer Key: E
Question 25 of 30 Score: 0.5 (of possible 0.5 points)
Hume’s skepticism includes doubt about the existence of ________.
A. ideas
B. impressions
Correct C. the external world
D. time
E. b and d
Answer Key: C
Question 26 of 30 Score: 0 (of possible 0.5 points)
Hume distinguishes ideas from impressions on the basis of their ________.
A. origins
B. clarity and distinctness
C. force and vivacity
D. truth value
Incorrect E. a and b only
Answer Key: C
Question 27 of 30 Score: 0.5 (of possible 0.5 points)
Behind the idea of the Turing test is a ________ view of consciousness.
A. Platonist
B. dualist
C. rationalist
Correct D. functionalist
E. feminist
Answer Key: D
Review
Check to review before finishing (will be flagged in Table of Contents)
Question 28 of 30 Score: 0.5 (of possible 0.5 points)
Logical positivists ________.
A. try to understand the world by understanding language
B. object that neither idealism nor materialism has paid sufficient attention to their use of language
C. invented the process of bracketing to set aside language that fails to satisfy the criterion of verifiability
D. All of the above
Correct E. a and b only
Answer Key: E
Question 29 of 30 Score: 0.5 (of possible 0.5 points)
For ________ pragmatism was a tool for understanding the function of ideas in personal experience as instruments of will and desire.
A. Edmund Husserl
B. John Dewey
C. Herbert Spencer
D. C. S. Peirce
Correct E. William James
Answer Key: E
Question 30 of 30 Score: 0.5 (of possible 0.5 points)
Which is NOT a type of memory identified in the text.
Correct A. transcendental
B. habit
C. personal